Is Belgium A Nation Of The International Market Through...

Belgium becomes a nation that creates a foothold in the international market through colonization in Congo. Even though the exploitation was ramped throughout all the colonies, Congo might have been the most extreme case of exploitation. Through the exploitation of the Congo lands, and the government deeming most of the rain forest â€Å"uninhabitable† those lands were turned over to the Belgium government and the resources were exhausted in that area. As the rubber vines would dry up and die the expectation output from the Belgium government remained the same. In fact it was well documented that government officials gave the green light to allow harsh punishments to be administered on to the villagers if they were short on the amount of rubber that was produced. â€Å"Soldiers killed gathers or sometimes their families as punishment for not meeting their quotes† (Gilbert and Reynolds 279). The brutality of the soldiers methods were barbaric, â€Å"to show that [ the soldiers] had not stolen or wasted the ammunition [the soldiers] were expected to bring back the hands of their victims† (Gilbert and Reynolds 279). With the diminishing supply of rubber in the Congo the harsher the punishment was being distributed to the African people in the Congo, and King Leopold’s Free State was losing money. As the demand rose and the supply was diminishing many of the â€Å"villages fled into the forest† (Gilbert and Reynolds 279) while others would rebel against the Belgium government, and hostilitiesShow MoreRelatedThe European Colonization Of Africa1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe European colonization of Africa, also known as the Scramble for Africa, Partition of Africa, or Conquest of Africa, occurred between the 1870s and 1900s, and was the invasion, occupation, colonization, and annexation of African territory by European powers during a period of New Imperialism. 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However, ove r time European rivalries intensified which caused a mad scramble to rule as much ofRead MoreThe Effects of Colonization on Various African Countries Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pagesdecisions without taking into account how society got to that point, and the situation of society when power was transferred would be asinine. The effects of colonization on various African countries through border setting and defining ethnic groups, the morphing of ethnic group disputes into class-based struggles, and the stunting of economies through failure to diversify national economies is intrinsically linked to the paths followed by leadership after attaining independence. Previous to colonialRead MoreColonization of Africa1542 Words   |  7 PagesConquests, colonization, the slave trade, and the spread of consumerist society have shaped and formed the grounds for which developing countries find themselves today. The countries of the developing world subjected to colonialism have been faced with a number of impediments throughout the years which have hindered social and economic growth, and laid the foundation which bred cultural conflict. Colonialism, however, too bought Western civilization and all its attractions to underdeveloped countriesRead MoreThe Recent Bloody History of Rwanda, Uganda and Congo1690 Words   |  7 Pages(Carayannis, 2003). With the governing of Mobutu the two armies controlled the camps as they reorganised. The civil war continued as the neighbouring Rwanda, its government and local Banyamulenge were attacked by the armies in Zaire and they attacked back through a rebellion (Carayannis, 2003). When the armies of the refuge e camps in Zaire were conquered by this rebellion Laurent-Desire Kabila employed as the leader of the Congolese under the Alliance des Forces Democratiques pour la Liberation (AFDL) andRead MoreWhy Is It That Europe Colonized Africa and Asia2901 Words   |  12 PagesReasons why Europe Colonized Asia and Africa and not the Other Way Round Student’s Name: Institutional affiliation: Colonization is the governing influence, control or acquiring partial or full political control past another country, occupying it with foreign settlers and manipulating it economically. It also is when a group or society of people migrates from one area to another but keep their original homeland language and culture. 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At an international conference in Berlin in 1884-1885, representatives of the colonial powers Britain, France, Belgium, Portugal, Germany and Spain convened to iron out their territorial claims. An agreement was reached on boundaries which sowed the seeds for many bitter tribal conflicts which continue to this day

Aaron Beck Youngest Of Five Children - 1634 Words

Aaron Beck youngest of five children was born in July 18, 1921 he is an American psychiatrist and a professor emeritus in the department of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania. He graduated as an exemplary student from Brown University in 1994, he also earned the William Gaston prize for excellence in Oratory and the Francis Wayland scholarship. Beck continued his studies at Yale University where he earned his medical degree in 1946 (GoodTherapy). Aaron Beck is an American psychiatrist and a professor emeritus in the department of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania (GoodTheraoy.org). Beck has had an interest in the changes of human nature goes as far back as he can remember. Beck is known as a trailblazer in the psychology world because he focused on disoriented thoughts that lead to problematic behaviors such as depression. â€Å"Beck struggled to find a way to help his depressed client’s better capture their emotions. He realized that many of his depressed clients experienced recurring negative thoughts and that as long as they believed these thoughts to be true, they would continue to have symptoms of depression†(GoodTherapy.org). Beck spent much of his career at the University of Pennsylvania and advocated for the application of cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of depression and other mood problems (GoodTherapy.org). What is depression? According to Psychology Today Magazine: â€Å"Depression is an illness that increasingly afflicts peopleShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagespharmaceutical giant, learned that its blockbuster arthritis drug, Vioxx, doubled the risk of a heart attack or stroke. Over five years and $500 million in advertising, it had 20 million users in the United States at the time it recalled the drug September 30, 2004. Critics and tort lawyers assailed the company for waiting so long to recall this drug, since some research studies as early as five years before had raised questions about the safety of Vioxx. What can we learn from Merck’s handling of its great

Personal Ethnography Free Essays

What is ethnicity? Ethnicities are the common characteristics of a group of people. As a large multi-national country, China is composed of 56 ethnic groups. My family is Han Chinese. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Ethnography or any similar topic only for you Order Now Han people are majority people group in the China, account for 91. 59 of the overall Chinese population according to the Fifth National Population census of 2000. I was born and grew up in China so I would account myself, identify as the full-blooded Chinese. I don not have the complicated ethnic background. However Asian Americans have been in American for over 150 years. My ancestors never leave their homeland motivated by seeking political asylum or dreams of a money in my family history. Therefore, my roots allow me to be classified as Chinese. Mandarin is my mother tongue, all my families speak it and read it. All education is conducted in Mandarin. It does not mean there no problem among the Mandarin speakers all around the China because there are over 600 regional dialects except Mandarin. Older generation used to speak regional dialects, like my parents often speak Fukienese with my grandparents. Generally, China’s main religion are Buddhism, this was the only foreign religion to be absorbed into and changed by Chinese culture, contributing in many ways to the country’s cultural development. Buddhism is also my family’s beliefs, we will worship Budda in some festivals. No matter the language or the religion also help to identify me as full-blooded Chinese. Other identifying me as a Chinese by my skin color, hair, eyes, other appearance features, and ask me where I come from. I’m a little bit shy at school, and when I have questions or I need help on my subjects, I hesitate to raise my hand. Since my freshman year I have been like this. I attend every class and turn in every homework or project on time, for this reason, they identified me as an Asian, because of the stereotypes placed on Asians my behavior and attitude contributed to people’s reasoning. China is the oldest civilization in the world and Chinese civilization was built on agriculture. The collective (group-oriented) nature of Chinese values is largely the product of thousands of years of living and working together on the land (Hu, Grove 1) Today, China is a communist government with a socialist ideology and a capitalist economy. Traditional festivals are celebrated in many countries all around the world. China with its long history and predominantly agricultural society has large number of traditional festivals. As Eberhard states â€Å"Few nations have such a multitude of romantic and colorful celebrations as do the Chinese† (Eberhard 31). Also, the family not the individual, is the basic unit in China, all festivals are family festivals rather than church or state festivals. The Chinese New Year was and still the most widely celebrated festival throughout the whole China. It is the time for family reunions, a time for visits with friends, a rest for the hard work and all sorts of entertainment. That is so true that The Chinese New year is a big event and it should be my favorite festival. The Chinese New year officially lasts one month, but in that very day everyone tries to be at home, families sit all together at a big table to share a delicious dinner. Kids wear new cloths and wait for pocket money from parents, then we have firecrackers to welcome the New year. Usually, the first day of the New Year is devoted to feasting and visiting relatives. On the second or third day friend visit and exchange good wishes. Food is one of the most significant resources in life. All cultures differentiate themselves through their development and attitude toward food. Therefore, there is a wide variation of food, which often has a lengthy developmental history, that symbolizes diverse cultural attitudes; specific foods, such as pasta for Italians, curry for Southeastern Asians, and pierogi for Poles, serve as a focus for ethnic identity (Hirschberg 57). As a Chinese, I respect all food, and do care about it. Maybe I could say it is the most distinguished cuisine in this world. Americans like pastas, pizza or meat as entrees, however rice is a basic and important food to us. People in western countries like to use butter, cheese as ingredients, but we use soy sauce and bean curd. We have so many different techniques for cooking food, such as boiling, deep-frying and pickling, but they are not always done in the totally same ways. Take an example of boiling, one is cooking in water makes it continues to boil, and the other one is put the stuff in boiled water and then reducing the temperature. However, although Chinese people share the same culture, some food items a re available in only particular regions. I lived in south China, there are many basins and plains, which help the various harvests of food because of the warm and moist growth environment; rice, green vegetables, and animals are produced. Do not like northern China, most likely are grown for wheat. As the globalization, Chinese and Americans are interacting with each other more. The western traveler must be aware of the different greeting styles that exist in China. The most common greeting among the Chinese is Nihao, which means greetings or good day. We do use direct greetings like â€Å"Good morning†, â€Å"Good afternoon†, or â€Å"Good night†. You may use Nihao either on virtually any occasion regardless of the time of day or the social status of the person you are greeting. And the most conventional way to greet a Chinese is simply to say his or her name, perhaps adding a term of respect. For examples, a girl just back from school may call out â€Å"Baba† (Daddy) when greeting her father. I think you should not greet Chinese with kiss, hug or other physical contact beyond handshaking, these nonverbal forms will not be appreciated. given name while in the United States the reverse is true. Prepare for this paper I searched for several materials and look up so many book about the Chinese culture. As a Chinese I still learn lots of new acknowledge that I never know before. For instant, like Chinese New year, I did not know the origin of this festival. I would like to share information with others but I don’t want to make a label with racism or others. Racism will never end unless the word race is not used any more. We must stop separating Chinese, American, and Mexican groups. Works Cited Hirschberg, Stuart, and Terry Hirschberg. Every Day, Everywhere: Global Perspectives on Popular Culture. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2002. Print. Eberhard, Wolfram. Chinese Festivals. New York: H. Schuman, 1952. Print. Hu, Wenzhong, and Cornelius Lee. Grove. Encountering the Chinese: a Guide for Americans. Yarmouth, Me. : Intercultural, 1999. Print. How to cite Personal Ethnography, Essay examples

Health Organization for Judgmental Methods-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theHealth Organization for Judgmental and Mechanical Methods. Answer: Performance rating is the process of work measurement in an organization wherein the analyst is supposed to observe the performance of the worker and record a value that is a representation of the performance relative to the concept of standard performance as perceived by the analyst (Dusterhoff et al., 2014). As per the researchers, a number of factors have the potential to influence overall performance rating of an individual. Aquinas (2013) had defined two distinct methods that are related to the overall performance score, judgmental and mechanical. He further opined that a mechanical approach is most suited in most case, especially in case the performance objectives have not been weighted. The case study titled Judgmental and Mechanical Methods of Assigning Overall Performance Score at The Daily Planet gives a comprehensive idea about the differences in judgmental and mechanical methods for performance score from which one can highlight the relative implications of applying the two methods. The case study indicates the mechanical method of reaching performance score in which the competencies adjudged were productivity, quality of work, Dependability and adherence to company values and policies and Contribution to the effectiveness of others/unit. The scores had been given on a scale of 1-5 where score 1 was unacceptable, and score 5 was outstanding. From this, one can understand that mechanical method is an objective measurement wherein there is a particular interpretation. According to Cascio (2018) mechanical measurement, or objective measurement, is best suited since an employee can be assessed in a direct manner and performance of an employee can be accurately comp ared to that of another employee. Such form of measurement is good at allowing the analyst to exercise judgment about the individual in highly complicated systems. Ginter et al., (2018) contradicts that mechanical evaluation technique is not appropriate under all situations. A judgmental evaluation approach is vital when the evaluation is done with intangible measurements. When mechanical measurements fail due to analysts attempt to complex processes into a particular score, judgmental scores are beneficial. This is because the mechanical scores do not hold much value in real life context. Judgmental or subjective evaluation ensures that the analyst considers criticism and feedback given to the employee. The method has the striking advantage that the perception and opinion of one person is not the ultimate score, rather, the consensus of other individuals are considered (Cascio, 2018). References Aguinis, H. (2009).Performance management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Cascio, W. (2018).Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education. Dusterhoff, C., Cunningham, J. B., MacGregor, J. N. (2014). The effects of performance rating, leadermember exchange, perceived utility, and organizational justice on performance appraisal satisfaction: Applying a moral judgment perspective.Journal of business ethics,119(2), 265-273. Ginter, P. M., Duncan, J., Swayne, L. E. (2018).The Strategic Management of Healthcare Organizations. John Wiley Sons.

The culture of Britishness what role does language Essay Example For Students

The culture of Britishness what role does language Essay There is the question of the role of dialects, and indeed other languages, in British national identities that challenge the uniformity of the language. For Fairclough (1992:202) there is now a growing acceptance of accent and style variation in the language of Britain, a phenomenon that leads to an even greater emphasis on internal national differentiation. For Wallwork (1978:31) processes of differentiation involved in the everyday production of language have long been used to assign social standings to individuals and groups. We will write a custom essay on The culture of Britishness what role does language specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Perhaps the differences that occur in regional and social class dialects have traditionally been the most widely investigated (Edwards, 1976:23), but there is a growing trend towards studying other sub-forms of language, particularly those associated with ethnic groupings in the UK. Edwards (ibid:27) suggests, in line with Wallwork, that speech differences often help to locate the speaker in the appropriate social strata. This process of locating can be applied to people of various ages, genders, ethnic groups and social classes. In fact anyone who speaks can be socially located, through his or her use of language, in Britain today. An extreme example of this is found when a recent immigrant, with little or no knowledge of English, is immediately identified as a foreign other. There are, however, a multitude of other individuals and groups that maintain and adapt their otherness in terms of language in different ways. These people challenge the assumptions involved in some aspects of Britishness, by not only integrating some of their own cultural style and speech into everyday British language types, but also by switching their own use of language in response to the environments that they find themselves in (Wallwork, 1978:61). Such a phenomenon is witnessed in Britain by the adaptation of Afro-Caribbean Creole languages in day-to-day life. This creolised form of speech has been associated with bad English, in that it is often taken as a dialect of the standard form, but for Wallwork (ibid:64) it is unintelligible to most other English speakers. The fact that some Caribbean Creole languages are in fact derived, in part, from French further supports the argument that it is a language that is as different from English, as Italian is to Spanish (ibid). For the original immigrants who spoke Creole in the UK, it served as a one of the processes by which they were viewed as others by many in the white population. Dabydeen (1990:306) argues that the perception of a different culture coming into Britain, displayed by, amongst other factors, the strange otherness of speech, led to a continuation of the contempt for black culture that had been witnessed in colonial times. In response to this the children of these original immigrants adapted their parents Creole into an urban patois, which Dabydeen (ibid) sees as resistance to white domination. A similar response can be seen in reggae sound systems that use, or deliberately misuse, western technologies in order to re-create an essentially black phenomenon. By adapting and re-ordering Standard English through the medium of their parents Creole speech, young blacks are reacting against the dismissals of white language and all that it entails (ibid:307). The link between language and music can be seen in the 1970s and 1980s with the increased popularity of reggae music, as well as the Ras Tafari philosophy associated with it. By adopting this particular style, many young British-born Caribbeans also practiced the Jamaican patois that many of its practitioners spoke, and so the various Creoles of the Caribbean were gradually substituted for a more British-Jamaican form (Pollard, 1994). For Sebba and Tate (2002:78) this reason, alongside a shared experience of blackness in the UK, meant that the cultural expression found in the Jamaican based patois speech, was utilised by many in British-Caribbean communities, regardless of their origin. .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 , .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .postImageUrl , .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 , .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5:hover , .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5:visited , .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5:active { border:0!important; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5:active , .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5 .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf924fffdb92bce6c1e85ce3ffd9ea7f5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare and Contrast Plessy V. Ferguson and Brown V. Board of Education EssayAnother point here is that localised forms of English dialect are also used, and these are often interchanged with the patois depending on the nature of the conversation taking place. This represents an important factor in the use of language with regards to nation and culture, in that there exists a duality of British-Caribbean identities (ibid:77). Young blacks in particular may adopt the patois style when addressing each other in what can be said to be a discursive performance, and this also may be the case when attempting to achieve a local identity, such as in the workplace. The use language in this case is one that displays both local and global, or pan-Caribbean, identities. For British-Caribbeans, regional English dialects are used to designate the local, of being British, whereas the use of patois indicates a more global, but at the same time ethnic, identity (ibid:80). This is one particular example of where language is a key factor in constructing both ethnic and national identities in British society. In conclusion, language is used in order to both separate and unite people in social activities, and is therefore a vital method of categorisation in human behaviour. The term language can be used in a number of different ways. It can be a set of grammatical laws, something that has aesthetic value, or simply used as a metaphor. In terms of their application languages can aid the construction of identity, in that they mark out the other in terms of what belongs and what does not. In this sense languages can be associated with a particular locations, and so they are closely linked to ideas of the nation-state. Such nation-states often represent a hegemonic struggle that is bound up with the need for a formal grammar when communicating, and this was the case with the rise of English in the UK and its various colonies. In a manner that sought to cultivate both respect and prestige, English became a language of commerce and industry, as well as representing high culture and politics in the regions where it was spoken. The rise of English as a dominant British language, has seen the decline of other British languages, despite attempts to revive them, and also the Anglicisation of many colonies. In recent years, however, the way in which English has come to embody British national identity has been challenged by both the influx of other languages, and the threat to the standardisation of the language from new forms and styles of speech. The process of differentiation that allows English to demarcate the other is being adapted, as demonstrated by the British-Caribbean example, in order to deal with the multiple identities that exist within Britain today. The way in which language has affected such identities is therefore crucial to any notions of culture and nation in Britain. References Algeo, J. (1992) Sociolinguistic Attitudes and Issues in Contemporary Britain in Machan, T. W. Scott, C. T. (1992)(Eds) English in its Social Contexts: Essays in Historical Sociolinguistics Oxford: Oxford University Press Billig, M. (1995) Banal Nationalism London: Sage Chomsky, N. (1986) Knowledge of Language New York: Praeger Dabydeen, D. (1990) On not being Milton: Nigger talk in England today in Burke, L., Crowley, T. and Girvin, A. (2000) (Eds) The Routledge Language and Cultural Theory reader London: Routledge Day, D. (1998) Being Ascribed and Resisting, Membership of an Ethnic group in Antaki, C. Widdicombe, S. (1998) (Eds) Identities in Talk London: Sage Downes, W. (1998) (2nd Ed. ) Language and Society Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Edwards, A. D. (1976) Language in Culture and Class London: Heinemann Edwards, D. (1991) Categories are for talking in Theory and Psychology, 1, 515-42 Edwards, J.(1985) Language, Society and Identity Oxford: Basil Blackwell Fairclough, N. (1992) .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b , .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .postImageUrl , .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b , .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b:hover , .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b:visited , .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b:active { border:0!important; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b:active , .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2540db72be311a95e6d28d2588d78e4b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: William Shakespear Essay SummaryDiscourse and Social Change Cambridge: Polity Press Fishman, J. (1972) Language and Nationalism: Two Integrative Essays Rowley, MA: Newbury House Kachru, B. B. (1986) The Alchemy of English in Burke, L. , Crowley, T. and Girvin, A. (2000) (Eds) The Routledge Language and Cultural Theory reader London: Routledge Milroy, J. (1992) Linguistic Variation and Change Oxford: Basil Blackwell Paulin, T. (1983) A New Look at the Language Question in Burke, L. , Crowley, T.and Girvin, A. (2000) (Eds) The Routledge Language and Cultural Theory reader London: Routledge Pollard, V. (1994) Dread Talk Kingston, Jamaica: Canoe Press Sapir, E. (1933) Language cited in Downes, W. (1998) (2nd Ed. ) Language and Society Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Sebba, M. Tate, S. (2002) Global and Local Identities in the discourses of British-born Caribbeans The International Journal of Bilingualism, Vol. 6, No. 1 Stewart, W. A. (1968) The Functional Distribution of Creole and French in Haiti cited in Downes, W.(1998) (2nd Ed. ) Language and Society Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Snyder, L. L. (1976) Varieties of Nationalism: a Comparative Study cited in Billig, M. (1995) Banal Nationalism London: Sage Tate, S. (2005) Lecture notes on Whats Language got to do with it? taken from The Culture of Britishness at Manchester Metropolitan University Thomas, L. (1999) Attitudes to Language in Thomas, L. Wareing, S. (1999) (Eds) Language, Society and Power: An Introduction London: Routledge Wallwork, J. F. (1978) Language and People London: Heinemann.

Purpose of a Literature Review - Paperell

Purpose of a Literature Review Purpose of a Literature Review How to approach such an assignment? Many students get frustrated or confused by it. However, if you have a clear idea of this assignment’s goals, you should avoid this frustration and cope with the task efficiently.What is a lit review itself? It is a close study of primary texts, scholarly articles, or any other sources relevant to a particular area of research. The student’s task is to describe, summarize, and critically evaluate the works concerning the research problem being investigated. Literature reviews have two main purposes. They are meant to give an overview of sources explored while doing your research and to show your reader how that research fits within the broader field of study. A student may often come across a literature review when preparing his dissertation.This is not a simple task. That is why many students prefer to turn for help to a specialized literature review writing service, but after reading this article, you should get an idea of what the purpose of a literature review is and will be able to cope with this task on your own!Literature Review PurposeIn academic writing, new ideas you present have to be based on an assessment of some significant previously published information on the topic. You must assess both: recent and contemporary to the writer. To start with, your paper has to provide your readers with a summary of prior ideas, areas, and information on that topic. This is done to give them an insight into your work.After that, your task is to critically evaluate the research relating to that topic and develop your perspective on the research in that field to affirm your credibility as a scholar.You can use these steps to approach a literary review:Explore how each previously published work has contributed to an overall understanding of the research problem under studyIdentify new interpretations of prior studiesDescribe how those works relate to each otherAttempt to resolve any conflicts among differing approach es of previous researchersExplore any possible gaps that require further research.Key aspectsIn your paper, you need to explore the opinions of experts on the topic. However, you must expand on and disagree with some of them.As is the case with any academic writing task, this one has to have a good structure, and your ideas must have a logical flow from one point to the next one. What else do you have to do? Above all, you must prove your credibility to the reader:Only reference material that you have decided is essential, current and relevant to your argumentWhat are your audience’s expectations? You need to establish your authority to speak on the topic by paying close attention to that. What is the rhetorical purpose and genre of the document? What are the academic standards of your discipline?Cite materials as per your discipline’s requirements – always ask yourself: what is the contribution of each citation to your argument, what does it help you achieve.Pr esent viewpoints and terminology impartially and comprehensively. Do not rely too heavily on outside material use it to develop your ideas because a simple list of external sources is not a correctly formed literature review.AudienceNow, when you understand how to write a literature review and what the purpose of a lit review is, there is one more useful tip to keep in minds – whenever you are writing, you always need to consider your audience and the format they expect. Is your audience an experienced reader? Are they experts on your topic, or new to the material? Perhaps you may need to explain the basic theories and definitions so that the audience can assess the merits of the problem you are investigating?How to approach it? Think of it as if you need to take your readers by the hand and guide them at first, so they can understand the rest of the paper without your help. At the end of the review, the reader should feel like he has learned something new about the topic. T hat means that your argument has shown a new perspective. It is important that your ideas are the center of writing. You only use referenced work to support your thinking and prove it is relevant and essential to the subject.

Robert Brownings My Last Duchess Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Robert Brownings My Last Duchess - Essay Example In this manner she is finally entirely within his grasp. In life the Duchess had been free-spirited and blessed with a sunny disposition which had irked the Duke as he felt he could not suppress and possess her completely. In the finishing lines of the poem the Duke makes an allusion to Greek mythology which further illustrates his manic need for control and his inherent pride-"Notice Neptune, though/Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity/Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me! The poem is written using iambic pentameter and rhymed couplets. This sets the tone for the poem, and the language thus used gives the reader an impression of power wielded by the narrator. Another poetic device called the enjambment is used so that the lines at times have an unfinished feel creating a hanging effect, and ultimately creating a mood of apprehension as the Duke makes his chilling revelations. He is a compelling narrator and the words he uses have a subtle yet forceful quality to them.